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transtheoretical model
The transtheoretical model of behavior change assesses an individual's readiness to act on a new healthier behavior, and provides strategies, or processes of change to guide the individual through the stages of change to Action and Maintenance.
The transtheoretical model is also known by the abbreviation "TTM"〔Prochaska, JO; Butterworth, S; Redding, CA; Burden, V; Perrin, N; Leo, M; Flaherty-Robb, M; Prochaska, JM. (Initial efficacy of MI, TTM tailoring and HRI's with multiple behaviors for employee health promotion. ) Prev Med 2008 Mar;46(3):226–31. Accessed 2009 Mar 21.〕 and by the term "stages of change."〔Greene, GW; Rossi, SR; Rossi, JS; Velicer, WF; Fava, JL; Prochaska, JO. (Dietary applications of the stages of change model. ) J Am Diet Assoc 1999 Jun;99(6):673–8. Accessed 2009 Mar 21.〕〔Pro-Change Behavior Systems. (About us. Transtheoretical model. ) 2008 Mar. Accessed 2009 Mar 21.〕 A popular book, ''Changing for Good'',〔Prochaska, JO; Norcross, JC; DiClemente, CC. Changing for good: the revolutionary program that explains the six stages of change and teaches you how to free yourself from bad habits. New York: W. Morrow; 1994. ISBN 0-688-11263-3.〕 and articles in the news media〔Goleman, Daniel. (New addiction approach gets results. ) New York Times 1993 Sep 1. Accessed 2009 Mar 19.〕〔Miller, Kay. Revolving resolutions - Year after new year, we vow to lose weight, stop smoking, find love or a better job -- only to fail. A few simple strategies could set us straight. Star Tribune: Newspaper of the Twin Cities 2001 Dec 29.〕〔Stettner, Morey. A methodical way to change bad behavior. Investor's Business Daily 2005 Dec 19.〕〔(Understanding change: expect a few bumps. ) Washington Post 2007 Jan 2. Accessed 2009 Mar 19.〕〔Carbine, Michael E. (Health plans use a variety of strategies to identify and ensure compliance among diabetics. ) AIS's Health Business Daily 2009 Mar 6. Accessed 2009 Mar 19.〕 have discussed the model. It is "arguably the dominant model of health behaviour change, having received unprecedented research attention, yet it has simultaneously attracted criticism."〔Armitage, CJ. (Is there utility in the transtheoretical model? ) Br J Health Psychol 2009;14(Pt 2):195–210. Epub 2008 Oct 14. Accessed 2009 Mar 17.〕
==History and core constructs of the model==
James O. Prochaska of the University of Rhode Island and colleagues developed the transtheoretical model beginning in 1977.〔Prochaska, JO.; DiClemente, CC. The transtheoretical approach. In: Norcross, JC; Goldfried, MR. (eds.) Handbook of psychotherapy integration. 2nd ed. New York: Oxford University Press; 2005. p. 147–171. ISBN 0-19-516579-9.〕 It is based on analysis and use of different theories of psychotherapy, hence the name "transtheoretical."
Prochaska and colleagues refined the model on the basis of research that they published in peer-reviewed journals and books.〔Prochaska, JO. & Norcross, JC Systems of psychotherapy: a transtheoretical analysis. 7th edition Brooks & Cole, CA 2010.〕
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